The design and psychometric evaluation of the emergency medical services resilience scale (EMSRS)

IntroductionThe nature of pre-hospital emergency medical care can expose healthcare workers to significant stresses that might lead to psychological problems such as job burnout and impaired resilience. A valid and reliable tool is, therefore, needed to investigate resilience in emergency medical services (EMS) personnel. This study was conducted to design a tool for assessing the resilience of emergency medical personnel in Iran and to examine the psychometric properties of the designed tool.MethodsThis methodological study was conducted in two phases: A qualitative stage with individual interviews and a review of literature to generate items, and a quantitative stage of psychometric evaluations that assessed the face, content, and construct validity of the tool. The reliability of the tool was also assessed using the internal consistency and test-retest methods.ResultsExploratory factor analysis was used to design a 31-item scale with a six-factor structure. These six factors, i.e. job motivation, communication challenges, social support, remaining calm, self-management, and consequences of stress, explained 51.8% of the variance. The scale’s Cronbach's alpha coefficient and intraclass correlation coefficient were calculated as 0.91 and 0.85, respectively.ConclusionThe scale developed on the resilience of EMS personnel can be used as a valid and reliable tool for assessing resilience in EMS personnel. It can also assist emergency service managers to plan courses to improve their staff’s resilience.     

应用柯氏评估模型对非专业救护员培训效果评估的研究

目的针对非专业救护员培训工作的不足,改进培训方式、方法,评估培训效果,提高非专业救护员的救护能力。方法应用柯氏评估模型(kirkpatrick's evaluation model)对2018年黄山风景区开展的非专业救护员培训效果进行评估。结果反应层:参训人员对此次培训总体比较满意。学习层:培训后成绩较培训前有所提高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。行为层:培训前后各方面行为指标均有所提高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。成果层:救援事件中非专业救护员参与率为92.6%,5例游客猝死事件中有2例在10min内得到非专业救护员的心肺复苏。结论对非专业救护员采用小班教学、高师生比、足够教具、深入基层的培训方式效果良好,较好地提了救护能力,在山岳景区旅游紧急救援中发挥了较好的作用。     

Occupational therapists’ perceptions of implementing a client-centered intervention in close collaboration with researchers: A mixed methods study

Abstract

Background: Integration of research-based knowledge in health care is challenging. Occupational therapists (OTs) need to implement new research-based interventions in clinical practice. Therefore it is crucial to recognize and understand the factors of specific barriers and facilitators affecting the implementation process.

Aim: To identify the key factors important for OTs during the implementation process of a complex intervention.

Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study with a combination of qualitative and quantitative data in a mixed method design. Forty-one OTs and 23 managers from three county councils in Sweden, responded to a questionnaire one year after the OTs participation in a workshop to prepare for implementation of a client-centered activity of daily living intervention for persons with stroke.

Results: Over 70% of the OTs benefitted from reading and discussing articles in the workshop; 60% had faith in the intervention; 69% reported usability of the intervention. High level of support from managers was reported, but less from team members. The therapists’ interaction, perceptions of own efforts and contextual influence affected the implementation process.

Conclusion: The workshop context with facilitation and access to evidence, supportive organizations and teams, sufficient interaction with researchers and satisfying self-image were successful key factors when involved in research.     

WHO药品预认证微生物实验室质量管理的要求与思考

目的:介绍世界卫生组织(WHO)对药品微生物检测实验室的预认证要求,推动我国药品检测质量管理体系的完善和发展。方法:从预认证实验室应遵循的质量管理原则出发,对照我国实验室ISO/IEC 17025体系要求,分析药品微生物检测实验室在质量管理中的不足。结果:预认证实验室更多地采纳了《药品生产质量管理规范》(GMP)的质量管理理念,而我国药品微生物检测实验室在记录与数据可靠性、基于风险的变更控制和偏差调查等方面的应用与实施还存在较大差距。结论:我国药品微生物检测实验室应学习和借鉴国内外GMP的质量管理经验,不断更新理念,改进质量管理体系,更多地以风险评估方式保障检测数据的可靠性。     

Reducing the probability of falsely elevated HbA1c results in diabetic patients by applying automated and educative HbA1c re-testing intervals

IntroductionToo frequent HbA1c measurements may lead to unnecessary treatment modifications of diabetic patients. The aim of this study was to estimate the percentage of falsely elevated HbA1c results in two hospitals, Landeskrankenhaus/Uniklinikum Salzburg (LKH) and Landesklinik St. Veit (STV), as well as to retrospectively investigate the effect of an automated and an educative 60-day re-testing interval (RTI).MethodsThe amount of estimated falsely elevated results (eFER), based on odds calculated using the baseline and the follow-up values and the time between these measurements, the number of HbA1c re-testings within 60 days as well as the overall number of ordered and performed HbA1c analyses were calculated. In LKH, an automated algorithm cancelling inappropriate HbA1c testing was applied, and in STV, educational actions were taken.ResultsBefore RTI-implementation, eFER were 0.9% and 2.1% and within-60-days-re-testing were 15.0% and 7.4% of cases in LKH and STV, respectively. After RTI-implementation, these numbers decreased to 0.2% (p < .001) and 1.8% (p = .869) and within-60-days-re-testing decreased to 1.1% (p < .001) and 3.6% (p = .003) in LKH and STV, respectively. Median monthly HbA1c measurements decreased by 15.8% (p < .001) and 21.1% (p = .002) in LKH and STV, respectively.ConclusionBoth the educational and the automated 60-day-RTI were proven to be efficient in reducing overall HbA1c measurements, re-testing within 60 days and eFER.     

Changes in the National Endovascular Management of Femoropopliteal Arterial Disease: An Analysis of the 2011–2019 Medicare Data

PurposeTo describe national trends in the utilization of endovascular approaches (including balloon angioplasty, atherectomy, and stent placement) for the management of femoropopliteal peripheral arterial disease (PAD).Materials and MethodsThe Medicare Physician/Supplier Procedure Summary dataset containing 100% of Part B claims was interrogated for years 2011–2019. The Current Procedural Terminology codes specific for femoropopliteal angioplasty, stent placement, and atherectomy were used to create summary statistics for utilization by year, place of service (hospital inpatient, hospital outpatient, and office-based laboratory), and provider specialty (cardiology, radiology, and surgery).ResultsThe use of atherectomy increased from 34,732 (33%) procedures in 2011 to 75,435 (53%) procedures in 2019, and atherectomy became the dominant treatment strategy for femoropopliteal PAD. The relative utilization of stent placement (36,793 [35%] to 28,899 [20%]) and angioplasty only (34,398 [32%] to 38,228 [27%]) decreased concomitantly from 2011 to 2019. By 2019, the use of atherectomy was twofold higher in office-based laboratories than in the outpatient hospital setting (44,767 and 20,901, respectively). Treatment strategy varied by provider specialty in 2011 when cardiologists used atherectomy most frequently (17,925 [43%]), whereas radiologists used angioplasty alone (5,928 [6%]) and surgeons stented (18,009 [37%]) most frequently. By 2019, all specialties utilized atherectomy most frequently (29,564 [59%] for cardiology, 10,912 [58%] radiology, and 33,649 [47%] surgery).ConclusionsThe national approach to endovascular management of femoropopliteal PAD has changed since 2011 toward an implant-free strategy, including a multifold increase in the use of atherectomy. Discordant rates of atherectomy use between the ambulatory hospital and office-based settings highlight the need for comparative effectiveness studies to guide management.     

标准引领下医学人才培养过程规范建构与实践

近年来,我国职业教育办学规模已实现跨越式发展。进一步加强内涵建设,提升育人质量将成为职业教育可持续发展的基本路径。标准建设是检验学校人才培养质量的重要依据。文章通过构建标准建设基本路径,基于健康产业发展需求,分析医学人才过程中的重要环节,完善专业人才培养方案,优化课程体系,制定包括课程、课堂教学、实践教学、临床教学等各环节在内的一系列教学相关标准,梳理教学管理制度,成立专门的质量管理组织,通过质量管理部门、校系二级督导、学生、教师等多途径收集质量信息,依据标准开展教学诊断与分析,加强信息反馈及改进监督,形成了标准建设-组织保证-诊断分析-反馈改进的保证体系,可持续提升育人质量。